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THE 23RD PSALM
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THOU ANOINTEST MY HEAD WITH OIL:

"'Thou anointest my head with oil' is not an image which means much to us; but
in the ancient Near East it was a means of refreshment to weary travelers, and
healing oils were sometimes rubbed into the fleece of sheep. An old version
translates, 'Thou hast my head with balm refreshed,' and this gives the idea
intended. The point to emphasize is that the shepherd of the soul goes the 'second
mile' in giving all that is required for renewing power and providing comfort."
(IB, p. 128)

"In the terminology of the sheepman, 'summer time is fly time.' By this, reference
is made to the hordes of insects that emerge with the advent of warm weather. . . .
Sheep are especially troubled by the nose fly. . . . For relief from this agonizing
annoyance, sheep will deliberately beat their heads against trees, rocks, posts, or
brush. . . In extreme cases of intense infestation, a sheep may even kill itself. . . . At
the very first sign of flies among the flock, he will apply an antidote to their heads. . .
What an incredible transformation this would make. Once the oil had been applied
to the sheep's head, there was an immediate change in behavior. The sheep would
start to feed quietly again, then soon lie down in peaceful contentment. . . . But
summertime for the sheep is . . . also 'scab-time.' Scab is an irritating and highly
contagious disease common among sheep the world over. . . .The only effective
antidote is to apply linseed oil, sulphur and other chemicals that can control this
disease. . . . In Palestine the old remedy for this disease was olive oil mixed
with sulphur and spices." (Keller)

"OIL. Consecration; charity; gentleness; prayer; heavenly inspiration.
(S&H, p. 592)

"[Love] anointeth my head with oil;" (S&H, p. 578)


MY CUP RUNNETH OVER:

"Summer moves into autumn. . . . Soon the flocks will be driven from the
alplands and tablelands. They will turn again toward the home ranch for the
long, quiet winter season. . . . The sheep have respite now from flies, insects,
and scab. No other season finds them so fit and well and strong. No wonder
David wrote, 'My cup runneth over.'" (Keller)

"The divine host has exceeded the bare requirements of hospitality. The meal
assumes the proportions of a feast at which sweet-smelling unguents are poured
on the head of the guest, and there is no lack of good things. 'My cup overflows:
Lit. 'my cup is saturation.' The psalmist has had enemies, but their plans against
him have been frustrated because the Lord, in effect, has said, 'this man is my
friend.'" (IB, p. 130)

"An example of the 'cup' which ran over is the Well of the Star on the north
outskirts of Bethlehem. It is a stone trough -- a round section of Pilate's stone
conduit, in this instance--placed inside the well from which the shepherd dipped
water to fill the 'cup.' (Harper's Bible Dictionary, p. 674)

"Millions of unprejudiced minds -- simple seekers for Truth, weary wanderers,
athirst in the desert -- are waiting and watching for rest and drink. Give them a
cup of cold water in Christ's name, and never fear the consequences."
(S&H, p. 570)


SURELY GOODNESS AND MERCY SHALL FOLLOW ME ALL THE DAYS
OF MY LIFE:


According to Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary, the Hebrew word which is
here translated as "goodness and mercy" is usually translated elsewhere as
"steadfast love." The Interpreter's Bible, a Commentary in 12 Volumes," states
that this verse "suggests continued pilgrimage and shepherding."

"The past is a prophecy of the future: 'Only goodness and kindness will
pursue me.' If he looks behind him, fearing lest enemies be upon him, he will
see only these twin angels of God tracking him down." (IB, p. 130)

"'Surely' in vs. 6 is a high religious word. Connect it with the Pauline phrase,
'I am persuaded' (Rom. 8:38). . . The writer has found that the guide leads wisely
and leads well; wherefore he has confidence in the future. He is persuaded to
stake his life on the goodness and mercy of the shepherd." (IB, p. 130)

"All the benefits enjoyed by a flock under skilled and loving management have
been drawn in bold lines. Now all of this is summed up here by the Psalmist in
one brave but simple statement: 'Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all
the days of my life.'! . . . It is worth reiterating at this point that sheep can, under
mismanagement, be the most destructive livestock . . . they can ruin and ravage
land almost beyond remedy. But in bold contrast they can, on the other hand, be
the most beneficial of all livestock. . . . Their manure is the best balanced of any
produced by domestic stock. When scattered efficiently over the pastures it
proves of enormous benefit to the soil. The sheep's habit of seeking the highest
rise of ground on which to rest insures that the fertility from the rich low land is
re-deposited on the less productive higher ground. No other livestock will
consume as wide a variety of herbage. Sheep eat all sorts of weeds and other
undesirable plants which might otherwise invade a field. In a few years a flock
of well-managed sheep will clean up and restore a piece of ravaged land as no
other creature can do. . . . In ancient literature sheep were referred to as 'those of
the golden hooves' -- simply because they were regarded and esteemed so highly
for their beneficial effect on the land. In my own experience as a sheep rancher
I have, in just a few years, seen two derelict ranches restored to high productivity
and usefulness. More than this, what appeared as depressing eyesores became
beautiful, park-like properties of immense worth. . . . In other words, goodness
and mercy had followed my flocks. They left behind them something worthwhile,
productive, beautiful and beneficial to both themselves, others, and me." (Keller)

"Should we comment too that there is nowhere any mention of the shepherd's
dogs? In our day they do a great deal of the shepherding of wandering sheep.
Their skill is uncanny and has become proverbial; but only a countryman knows
how high is their sense of honor. A sheep dog will finish a day exhausted almost
to collapse, his feet wounded and sometimes bleeding, but not a single sheep will
have been lost; all are enfolded. On that fact a poetic preacher of an older time
fastened. He spoke in the vernacular, which added both force and tenderness to
his words. 'The Lord is my shepherd,' he cried, 'aye, and more than that, he has
twa fine collie dogs, Goodness and Mercy. With him before and them behind,
even poor sinners like you and me can hope to win home at last." (IB, p. 130)

"Let unselfishness, goodness, mercy, justice, health, holiness, love -- the kingdom
of heaven -- reign within us, and sin, disease, and death will diminish until they
finally disappear." (S&H, p. 248)


AND I WILL DWELL IN THE HOUSE OF THE LORD FOR EVER:

"The 'dwelling in the house of the Lord' reflects the return to the village after the
summer grazing period, when families prepare to go up to the House of God, in
mended garments and new-made shoes to thank Him for His 'goodness and loving
kindness' and to entreat Him to let these blessings follow the family forever."
(Harper's Bible Dictionary, p. 674)

"His highest delight will be to continue as a guest in the house of his divine host.
The picture of the tent melts into that of the temple. 'For ever: Lit., 'for length of
days,' i.e. 'as long as I live.'" (IB 130)

"The reference to 'the house of the Lord' in v.6 may be a continuation of the figure
of the host, and need not indicate a date after the building of the Temple."
(Dummelow's One Volume Bible Commentary, pg. 338)

"The word 'house' used here in the poem has a wider meaning that most people
attach to it. Normally we speak of the house of the Lord as the sanctuary, church
or meeting place of God's people. In one sense David may have had this mind.
And, of course, it is pleasant to think that one would always delight to be found
in the Lord's house. But actually, what is referred to by 'house' is the family or
household or flock of the good shepherd. The sheep is so deeply satisfied with
the flock to which it belongs, with the ownership of this particular shepherd, that
it has no wish whatsoever to change. . . .There is one other beautiful and final
sense in which the psalmist was speaking as a sheep. It is found in the Amplified
Old Testament, where the meaning of this last phrase is, 'I will dwell in the
presence of the Lord forever.' . . . In our Christian lives and experience, the same
idea and principle applies. For when all is said and done on the subject of a
successful Christian walk, it can be summed up in one sentence: 'Live ever aware
of God's presence.'" (Keller)

"The understanding, even in a degree, of the divine All-power destroys fear, and
plants the feet in the true path, -- the path which leads to the house built without
hands 'eternal in the heavens.'" (S&H, p. 454)

"The real house in which 'we live, and move, and have our being' is Spirit, God,
the eternal harmony of infinite Soul. The enemy we confront would overthrow this
sublime fortress, and it behooves us to defend our heritage." (Pulpit and Press, p. 2)

"The letter of your work dies, as do all things material, but the spirit of it is
immortal. Remember that a temple but foreshadows the idea of God, the 'house
not made with hands, eternal in the heavens,' while a silent, grand man or woman,
healing sickness and destroying sin, builds that which reaches heaven. Only those
men and women gain greatness who gain themselves in a complete subordination
of self." (First Church of Christ, Scientist and Miscellany, p. 194)

"And I will dwell in the house [the consciousness] of [Love] for ever."
(S&H, p. 578)


"SHEPHERD, SHOW ME"

One of the most beloved hymns from the Christian Science Hymnal is based upon
a poem by Mary Baker Eddy, entitled "Feed My Sheep." This poem explores the
concept from the 23rd Psalm that God is our Shepherd. Little children love to
sing it, and many have found healing or guidance through its comforting message:

FEED MY SHEEP

Shepherd, show me how to go
O'er the hillside steep,
How to gather, how to sow, --
How to feed Thy sheep;
I will listen for Thy voice,
Lest my footsteps stray;
I will follow and rejoice
All the rugged way.

Thou wilt bind the stubborn will,
Wound the callous breast,
Make self-righteousness be still,
Break earth's stupid rest.
Strangers on a barren shore,
Lab'ring long and lone,
We would enter by the door,
And Thou know'st Thine own;

So, when day grows dark and cold,
Tear or triumph harms,
Lead Thy lambkins to the fold,
Take them in Thine arms;
Feed the hungry, heal the heart,
Till the morning's beam;
White as wool, ere they depart,
Shepherd, wash them clean.


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